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BEN EBSWORTH

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Software18 JUNE 2026

Four ways to shrink a KV cache

A transformer's KV cache is a four-dimensional tensor, and every compression trick — quantisation, eviction, cross-layer sharing, linear attention — attacks one of its axes. Here is the tour, and the cautionary tale of a tiny code model whose accuracy fell 20 points because a smoke test never exercised the one axis that bites.

Software17 JUNE 2026

A* Search, Visually: the Heuristic Is the Whole Game

A* is not a clever algorithm so much as Dijkstra plus a bet about the future. The same code becomes Dijkstra, greedy best-first, or A* depending on one term in the priority key — and admissibility is the single property that buys optimality.

Electrical Eng17 JUNE 2026

AM, FM, QAM: A Tour of the Modulation Zoo

Every modulation scheme is the same act — painting information onto a carrier — and they differ only in which property of the carrier you paint on. Plotted as a constellation, AM is a line, FM is a circle, and QAM is a grid.

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